Piaget

Piaget

=Jean Piaget=

[]
 * ==Contents==
 * [|1] [|Theorist]
 * [|2] [|Stage Theory of Cognitive Development]
 * [|3] [|Adaptation: Assimilation and Accommodation]
 * [|4] [|Biography]
 * [|5] [|List of Works]
 * [|6] [|List of Major Achievements]
 * [|7] [|Weblinks]
 * [|8] [|References] ||

[[|edit]] **Theorist**
Jean Piaget is one of the prominent [|theorists] in psychology who formulated a [|Constructivist theory]. This theory advocates that children learn by actively constructing reality on the basis of their experiences with the world (Lightfoot, Cole & Cole, 2008). Piaget focused on how a child is able to transform and use their knowledge and less on how their memory works (Barry, E.S., 2006). [|Return to Top] 

[[|edit]] **Stage Theory of Cognitive Development**
Piaget posited the Stage Theory of Cognitive Development that details how a child's knowledge of the world grows in distinct stages associated with age-related mental growth and that a child's thinking is qualitatively different from that of an adult. He detailed four specific stages of intellectual growth from infancy to adolescence: [|[1]] 
 * //0-2 years//, **Sensorimotor**: "the infant uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world, beginning with reflexes and ending with complex combinations of sensorimotor skills" (Boeree [|[2]]).
 * //2-6/7 years//, **Preoperational**: "the child has mental representations and is able to pretend... it is a short step to the use of symbols" (Boeree [|[3]]).
 * //6/7-11/12 years//, **Concrete Operational**: "operations refers to logical operations or principles we use when solving problems... the child not only uses symbols representationally, but can manipulate those symbols logically.... But, at this point, they must still perform these operations within the context of concrete situations" (Boeree [|[4]]).
 * //11/12 through adolescence//, **Formal Operations**: "involves using logical operations, and using them in the abstract, rather than the concrete. We often call this hypothetical thinking" (Boeree [|[5]]).
 * Listen to detailed explanations of each stage using the YouTube series weblink below.** [|Return to Top]

[[|edit]] **Adaptation: Assimilation and Accommodation**
According to Piaget, development is a function of [|assimilation] and [|accommodation], processes by which new information or knowledge is either incorporated into existing [|schema], or in which accommodations (changes or adjustments) are made to schema so that there is a better fit with the new information or knowledge. Assimilation and accommodation are considered to be two complementary processes of [|adaptation], through which “awareness of the outside world is internalized” ([]). [|Return to Top] 
 * See the short YouTube video below for a simple example of Assimilation and Accommodation.**

[[|edit]] **Biography**
Born 9 August 1896, Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Died 16 September 1980, Geneva, Switzerland.

He received a Ph.D in Natural Sciences from the University of Neuchâtel in 1918. He also studied at the University of Zurich. [|Return to Top] 

[[|edit]] **List of Works**
Piaget published more than 50 books and 500 papers as well as 37 volumes in the series "Etudes d'Epistémologie Génétique" (Studies in Genetic Epistemology).

The Child's Conception of the World (1926) The Origin of Intelligence in Children (1936) The Early Growth of Logic in the Child(1958). [|Return to Top]
 * His best known publications are:**

1918, Recherche. Lausanne: La Concorde 1924, Judgment and reasoning in the child, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1928 1957, Construction of reality in the child, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954 1941, Child's conception of number (with Alina Szeminska), London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1952 1945, Play, dreams and imitation in childhood, London: Heinemann, 1951 1949, Traité de logique. Paris: Colin 1950, Introduction à l'épistémologie génétique 3 Vols. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France 1954, Intelligence and affectivity, Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews, 1981 1955, Growth of logical thinking (with Bärbel Inhelder), London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1958 1962, Commentary on Vygotsky's criticisms. New Ideas in Psychology, 13, 325-40, 1995 1967, Logique et connaissance scientifique. Paris: Gallimard 1967, Biology and knowledge, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1971 1970, Piaget's theory. In P. Mussen (ed) Handbook of child psychology, Vol.1. New York: Wiley, 1983 1970, Main trends in psychology, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1973 1975, Equilibration of cognitive structures, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985 1977, Sociological studies, London: Routledge, 1995 1977, Studies in reflecting abstraction. Hove: Psychology Press, 2000 1977, Essay on necessity. Human Development, 29, 301-14, 1986 1981, Possibility and necessity, 2 Vols, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987 1983, Psychogenesis and the history of science (with Rolando Garcia), New York: Columbia University Press, 1989 1987, Towards a logic of meanings (with Rolando Garcia), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates, 1991 1990, Morphisms and categories (with Gil Henriques, Edgar Ascher), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates, 1992. [|Return to Top]
 * Other works include:**



[[|edit]] **List of Major Achievements**
Piaget received 31 Honourary doctorates from around the world as well as the Erasmus Prize (1972) and 11 other international prizes. [[|[6]]] [|Return to Top]

• 1921-25 Research Director (Chef des travaux), Institut Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Geneva • 1925-29 Professor of Psychology, Sociology and the Philosophy of Science, University of Neuchatel • 1929-39 Professeur extraordinaire of the History of Scientific Thought, University of Geneva • 1929-67 Director, International Bureau of Education, Geneva • 1932-71 Director, Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Geneva • 1938-51 Professor of Experimental Psychology and Sociology, University of Lausanne • 1939-51 Professor of Sociology, University of Geneva • 1940-71 Professeur ordinaire of Experimental Psychology, University of Geneva • 1952-64 Professor of Genetic Psychology, Sorbonne, Paris • 1954-57 President, International Union of Scientific Psychology • 1955-80 Director, International Centre for Genetic Epistemology, Geneva • 1971-80 Emeritus Professor, University of Geneva [|Return to Top] 
 * Appointments**

[[|edit]] **Weblinks**
[|Jean Piaget Society: Society for the Study of Knowledge and Development] [] []: Dr. C. George Boeree, Personality Theories: Jean Piaget YouTube audio series on Jean Piaget and the Stage Theory of Cognitive Development: [|[7]], [|[8]],[|[9]], [|[10]], [|[11]], [|[12]] YouTube video example of Assimilation and Accommodation: [|[13]] Video example of the Sensorimotor Stage: [|[14]] Video example of the Preoperational Stage: [|[15]] Video example of the Concrete Operational Stage: [|[16]] Video example of the Formal Operations Stage: [|[17]] [|Return to Top] 

[[|edit]] **References**
Lightfoot, C., Cole, M., & Cole, S. R. (2008). The development of children (6th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. [|Jean Piaget Society: Society for the Study of Knowledge and Development] Barry, E.S. (2006). Children's Memory: A Primer for Understanding Behaviour. Early Childhood Education Journal 33(6), 405 -411.DOI: 10.1007 s10643-006-0073-3 []: Dr. C. George Boeree, Personality Theorists, Jean Piaget [] [|Return to Top]